The structure, ideology and policy strategies of Argentina's public sector under Peronist leaders were examined for this historical analysis. The image of a pendulum is often used to describe Argentina, because the government's policies have swung from neoliberalism during the democratisation process in the late 1980s through the 1990s to the socialist and nationalist policies of 21st century Peronism. While bureaucratic reform has been attempted on many occasions, the country has not had a long-term institution to follow through on the reforms. Even though Argentina has great natural resources and industrial potential, most of the citizens live in poverty and are suffering from economic and political instability.