Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) has developed into an active discipline and practice in South Africa over the past two decades. This is evident in the number of M&E activities undertaken in government, civil society, academic institutions, private sector consultancies and donor agencies. Various institutions at the centre of government have also been mandated to ensure that M&E takes place government-wide, and Parliament and Legislatures have incorporated M&E into their oversight work. Academia has responded with a variety of post-graduate and undergraduate degrees, as well as short learning programmes and curricula to accommodate the increasing demand for professional capacity in this area. Research is evolving. Following international trends, there is a definite need for South Africa to consider the opportunities and challenges involved in transforming M&E into a profession and establishing frameworks and codes