The success of the government of South Africa is dependent on its system, structure and performance in different areas of focus. These broad areas of focus include health, education, local government, home affairs, international relations and parastatals, among others. In this case, there is a need to ensure that modern systems and competent officials are in place to realise the set objectives. One of the most important components of building a credible system of governance is to maintain institutional efficacy in the quest to achieve these set objectives. In addressing the question of government system in South Africa, this editorial focuses mainly on the nature of public institutions and public administration leadership.