The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is the supreme law of the land. It is based on democratic values which include human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms, non-racialism and non-sexism, rule of law, accountability, responsiveness and openness. Section 195(1) of the Constitution states that: Public Administration must be governed by democratic values enshrined in the Constitution, including certain specific principles which are also specified in this section of the Constitution. By its very nature, Public Administration and Management operates within the context of the Constitution in a Constitutional State such as South Africa. As a result, the principles governing Public Administration, which are espoused in Section 195 of the Constitution, are consistent with the values of the Constitution. The concerns about corruption and maladministration, which h