With the end of colonialism and segregationist rule, cities in the south experienced levels of urbanisation associated with much lower levels of per capita income (and consequent economic growth), with agricultural productivity and industrialisation not sufficient to sustain the growth of their cities. In these immense urban agglomerations, which often show a dramatic sprawl accompanied by an explosive population growth, the environmental and social consequences are disastrous. National, regional and local spatial planning policies are usually not coupled with serious, sustainable urban planning measures as sustainability in most cases is subservient to basic survival. The practice of town planning historically inherited many principles from the colonial north. Modernist planning principles, such as planning for strict separation of land uses and functions, and planning for health and safety regulations to mitigate poor living condit