This article has focused on the challenges of creating inclusionary or integrated human settlements in post-apartheid South Africa by analyzing the views of the senior public servants who have played significant roles in policy implementation in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Council between 1994 and 2018. It unravels the intricacies of the strategies pursued by the policymakers in their attempts to re-engineer the greater metropolitan city to accommodate the strategy of creating racially and class integrated neighborhoods in the attempt to mitigate the historical inequalities emanating from the apartheid era.
However, the failure of these efforts to meet the intended objectives has been found to derive from the inability of the state to address the urban land question, the racially based inherited wealth, and the failure of the economy to create jobs. The growth of the economy without creating jobs and the inability of the